Joint Replacement
Joint replacement (also known as arthroplasty) is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased joint with an artificial joint. Artificial joints are made of metal, ceramic, and plastic, and are designed to mimic the shape and function of a natural joint.
Joint replacement surgery is typically recommended for people with severe arthritis pain that has not responded to other treatments, such as physical therapy, medication, and injections. It may also be recommended for people with other joint conditions, such as fractures, dislocations, and tumors.
Types of joint replacement
- Metal-on-polyethylene: These implants are made of metal and plastic. They are the most durable type of implant, but they can also be the nosiest.
- Ceramic-on-polyethylene: These implants are made of ceramic and plastic. They are very quiet, but they are not as durable as metal-on-polyethylene implants.
- Metal-on-metal: These implants are made entirely of metal. They are the most durable type of implant, but they can also be the nosiest and have a higher risk of complications.
- Oxinium-on-polyethylene: Oxinium is a proprietary alloy that is harder and smoother than traditional metal alloys. Oxinium-on-polyethylene implants are very durable and quiet, but they are also more expensive than other types of implants.
- Zirconia-on-polyethylene: Zirconia is a type of ceramic that is very strong and wear-resistant. Zirconia-on-polyethylene implants are very durable and quiet, but they are also more expensive than other types of implants.
Surgical techniques
There are two main types of joint replacement surgery: traditional and minimally invasive.
Traditional joint replacement surgery involves making a large incision over the joint. The surgeon then removes the damaged joint and replaces it with the artificial implant.
Minimally invasive joint replacement surgery involves making smaller incisions over the joint. The surgeon then uses a camera and specialized instruments to perform the surgery.
Minimally invasive joint replacement surgery is associated with less pain and blood loss, and a shorter recovery time. However, it is not suitable for all patients.
Risks and complications
Like any surgery, joint replacement surgery carries some risks and complications. The most common risks include:
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Nerve damage
- Implant loosening
- Implant dislocation
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from joint replacement surgery can take several months. During this time, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure a safe and successful recovery.
Most people will need to attend physical therapy to help them regain range of motion and strength in their joint. They may also need to use crutches or a walker for a period of time.
Long-term Outcomes
Most people who have joint replacement surgery experience significant pain relief and improved function. However, it is important to note that joint replacement implants are not permanent. They will eventually wear out and need to be replaced. The lifespan of a joint replacement implant varies depending on the type of implant and the individual’s activity level.